The herbs of Europe are for the most part native European plants with useful characteristics. They can be difficult to grow in Calontir.

The plants included on these lists are ones you will find mentioned in Medieval herbals or that were useful plants in Medieval Europe, whether or not they were used medicinally. Thus, I intend to include trees and shrubs and plants we currently just grow for their flowers, not just plants currently used as "herbs". I am ambivalent about plants from the Americas (brought to northern Europe after 1492 but before 1600); when this is done they will be included with proper annotation. Oh, and I freely admit to an Angevin bias: there are likely things known and grown in Italy or Byzantium that I have missed.

Of course, Calontir isn't uniform. Southern Calontir was forested when Europeans arrived, northern areas were grassland. Soils range from deep loess from Mag Mor to Flynthyll, to shallow rocky soils in Spinning Winds and Standing Stones. Annual rainfall (and snowfall) is substantially greater in Deodar than Vatavia. Annual temperatures are lower in the north, higher in the south.(See USDA hardiness zone map)

I live in northwestmost Calontir. My comments generally reflect the coldest and driest conditions.

This is a starting list. There are a great many Medieval herbs and a large portion of them can be cultivated or gathered in Calontir.

I have separated them by use for now:

Medieval Plants that Can be Grown in Calontir

Table 1. Medieval Culinary Herbs (that are still used as culinary herbs). Table 1A: the herbs

Table 2. Medieval Herbs Not Considered Safe to Consume Today (or Debatable)

Table 3. Medieval Herbs We Grow Chiefly as Ornamentals (Flowers)

(Do not consume unless noted)

Table 4. Plants Used Medicinally in the Middle Ages Now Chiefly Grown as Vegetables

Table 5. Other Plants Considered Medicinal or Culinary Herbs in the Middle Ages